sakrete 5000 plus for countertops

Rapid setting - ready for foot traffic in 12 hours, Faster strength gain than normal concrete in cold weather, Meets or exceeds compressive strength requirements of ASTM C387, Full depth applications 2” (51 mm) or greater, Concrete countertops 1.5” (38mm) or greater, Ideal for structural applications requiring a small volume of concrete. Multiply: Length x Width x Depth of your form in inches 2. – Sparky Nov 4 '18 at 18:09 Agree that he's mostly working with homebrew, so maybe a bad example. Sakrete 5000 Plus Concrete Mix. Make sure that you use melamine resin coated plywood (MDF) as it will release from the concrete a lot easier than regular concrete. Profinish 5000 sets quickly, making it ideal For repair and building jobs where concrete thickness exceeds 2 inches (50 mm). I would also use use Quikrete if you’re doing any sort of pre-cast (IE not a pour in place) mix – especially if you’re doing a GFRC mix. Determine the amount of material you’ll need by calculating the volume of your form, or mold, in cubic feet (see Fig. Quikrete only needs water to activate the concrete. • It’s available in two colors (white and grey) which can be combined with either Quikrete’s Liquid Cement Colors or their Stucco & Mortar Colors to get more than 20 different shades. Quikrete 5000 is a commercial-grade concrete mix designed for projects such as footers, deck supports, patios and driveway aprons. Ideal for cold weather application. If you’re using an undermount sink, you should hold it in place using additional supports like these. Sakrete® 5000 Plus High Strength Concrete Mix, 80 Lb. Add ¾ of the amount of water indicated on the package for the concrete you need to mix in your concrete mixer or wheelbarrow. The industry is moving in a direction where 3D designs and textures are in constant demand, and a local hardware store has everything you need. Mix Calculation. Bag - 65200370 Sakrete® 5000 Plus Concrete Mix is a professional high early strength blend of portland cement, sand and gravel that is formulated to attain high early strengths and superior durability. QUIKRETE 5000 is used for construction and repair of concrete where high strength is required. Further, high-strength concrete mixes offer exceptional durability and long-lasting performance. Screw everything together, make sure that everything is level and make any cutouts you need for a sink or faucets in the mold. Let’s start with reviewing the products themselves to see what each is all about. You can also use it to create solid concrete countertops that you will … Here are a few of the features of sakrete 5000 counter top mix: • It has a high strength 5000 psi • Designed for full depth applications 2 “(51 mm) or more • Ideal for structural applications requiring low concrete volume • It can be ready to handle pedestrian traffic in as little as 12 hours • It sets up in cold weather faster than regular concrete mixes, Sakrete 5000 counter top mix can also be used for: • Walkways, slabs, terraces, driveways • landscape borders • stairways • ramps • setting fence posts • Foundations and floors • Plates. Start by mixing your dry ingredients with the appropriate amount of water in order to achieve the desired consistency. French Country Chandelier – The Easy DIY for Rustic Light Fixtures, DIY Bathroom Vanity Plans – How to Save Yourself Thousands, DIY Epoxy Countertops – The Perfect Solution for Resin Worktops. Sakrete® 5000 Plus Concrete Mix is a professional high early strength blend of portland cement, sand and gravel that is formulated to attain high early strengths and superior durability. Concrete Mixes 101: Which Mix Should You Use for Your Project? Slabs, Drives, Footers, Curbs, Posts & Poles, Bonders, Admixtures, Accelerators, Sealers, Concrete Patch & Crack Repair - Trowelable, Summer Spruce Up: Extending an Outdoor Patio, Expand Your Concrete Acumen with Concrete Countertop Mix, DIY Concrete Countertops: Project Planning Guide. It’s also used for repair and construction work where the concrete thickness exceeds 2 “. Quickrete is designed to cure quickly. Quikcrete and Sakrete have their own countertop mixes, but Sakrete has published online that their 5000 psi product is suitable for countertops. • Not only can you use Sakrete 5000 Plus High Strength Concrete Mix to form counters, but you can use it to do other creative work. Pour on a laminated wood panel to create a wood-concrete panel, or use a textured ceiling panel to create a modern concrete slab. The cementitious composite material is suitable for both cast-in-place or precast projects and permits you to pour countertops as thin as ½ inch with no … MIX We used Quikrete 5000. (Note: If the Sacrete Concrete Countertop Mix is not available in your area, you can achieve a similar appearance with the Sakrete 5000 Plus high-strength concrete mix.). FEATURES: • High Strength 5,000 … It’s also used for repair and construction work where the concrete thickness exceeds 2 “. • Concrete is extremely durable and resists the wear of an active family. If those aren’t applicable to you, you could go either way. SAKRETE 5000 PLUS is ideal for use where more than a 5 cm (2 inch) thickness is required. i saw quikrete countertop mix is designed for countertop but people seem to not like it. Guide your customers to choose a high-strength, high-PSI concrete mix like SAKRETE® 5000 Plus High Strength Concrete Mix for their concrete countertop project to ensure it will remain strong and durable over time. Here are a few of the features of sakrete 5000 counter top mix: • It has a high … Ideal for building sakrete.com • 866-725-7383 Sakrete 5000 Plus High Strength Concrete Mix is a professional grade blend of portland cement, sand and gravel that is formulated to reach strength quicker and for superior durability. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. has anyone good "recipe" for concrete mixture? And if you use plywood like this, you can create your countertops in virtually any shape you want. Sign up to receive our quarterly newsletter. For repair and building jobs where concrete thickness exceeds 2” (51 mm). And then you stumble upon the different types of concrete and you find yourself thinking, “Sakrete 5000 Vs Quikrete 5000 – Which Countertop Mix Should You Be Using?”. SAKRETE 5000 PLUS is recommended for the construction or repair of driveways, steps, sidewalks, patio slabs, posts and poles. Sakrete Concrete Countertop Mix features a high-flow formula that facilitates pouring and the molds can be peeled off 24 hours after pouring. Sakrete® 5000 Plus High Strength Concrete Mix is a professional grade blend of … Precasting a concrete countertop requires fine carpentry skills and elementary knowledge of concrete. Ideal for all repair and building jobs where concrete thickness exceeds 2". Before you install any sort of concrete counter tops, you have to remove the old counters and build a concrete mold. If that’s you, then read on. You can also look into our GFRC DIY Countertops article here if you want to make a lighter variation of a concrete countertop. Open to foot traffic in just 12 hours. While design trends focus on concrete, designers are looking for inspirational ways to integrate concrete into their designs. 5000 plus high strength concrete mix sakrete 5000 plus high strength concrete mix sakrete sakrete 5000 plus 80 lb concrete mix 65200370 the home depot 5000 plus high strength concrete mix sakrete quikrete 80 lb high early strength concrete mix 100700 the home 5000 plus high strength concrete mix sakrete. Open to foot traffic in just 12 … After 24 hours, you can remove the forms and then grind and polish the concrete until you’re happy with the end result. This ensures good flowability while maintaining a low water-to-concrete ratio (7 pints to 8 pints per 80-pound bag). Sakrete 5000 Plus Concrete Mix is a professional grade, high strength product formulated for commercial structural applications. Naturally, you’re looking into the products that you need in order to do the best job possible and with all of the different options out there, it can be overwhelming. It is important at this point to make sure that the top of the cabinets are completely covered with plywood and that the base cabinets or formwork can support the weight of the new concrete worktops. Possible use: Add the contents of the 5 KG (11 lb) pails of SAKRETE Countertop Magic and 30 KG (66 lb) bags of SAKRETE Concrete Mix into the drum of the concrete mixer, while the … Use the Where to Buy tool to locate a Sakrete 5000 Plus Concrete Mix retailer near you, and the Concrete Calculator tool to help you compute the right amount of product to buy. As the name implies, Xtreme Countertop from SureCrete Design achieves super-high compressive strengths exceeding 10,500 psi and flexural strengths greater than 1,400 psi. Mix until the consistency is as thick as plastic. According to the manufacturer, features include: • For applications requiring at least 2 inches in thickness • Build walks, drives, slabs and steps • Exceeds strength requirement of … Sakrete 5000 Plus Concrete Mix is a professional grade, high strength product formulated for commercial structural applications. Use for: Walks, footings, slabs and steps, also for countertops. For repair and building jobs where concrete thickness exceeds 2 After 28 days, it will achieve a compressive strength of 5,000 psi. For use in pre-cast and cast-in-place concrete countertop applications Strip forms in 18 hours Exceeds 5000 psi at 28 days, 3500 psi at 7 days, and 2500 psi at 3 days Just get it at your local hardware store –. All you need is a mix of Sakrete Countertop Concrete or Sakrete 5000+ high-strength concrete mix, a frame and whatever you choose to pour. but make sure it’s black like this stuff. Is a professional designated product. Be sure to choose a high-strength concrete mix like Sakrete 5000 Plus High Strength Concrete Mix, or Sakrete Concrete Countertop mix for your concrete countertop project to ensure it will remain strong and durable over time. 1106-80) is a specially formulated flowable high-strength concrete mix for pre-cast and cast-in-place concrete countertop applications. For repair and building jobs where concrete thickness exceeds 2 inches (50 mm). also read that quikrete 5000 with addition of water reducer and microfibers is a good … Add extra water to improve consistency or to keep the concrete moist. Open to foot traffic in just 12 hours. Depending on the weight of the countertop slab, you might need to use rebar if you’re doing a “pour in place” countertop. Sakrete® 5000 Plus High Strength Concrete Mix is a professional grade blend of … For complete details on the manufacture and installation of concrete countertops visit chengdesign.com. So you’ve decided to make your own concrete countertops. Sakrete 5000 Plus Concrete Mix is a professional-grade blend of portland cement, sand, and gravel formulated to reach strength faster than standard concrete mixes, especially in cold weather, and deliver superior durability. Open to foot traffic in just 12 … It is important not to flood the countertop mix, otherwise you might end up with a mix where most of the lime comes to the surface ruining the finish – or you might end up with a concrete mix that’s too soft. Fill out the form below to request more information about Sakrete 5000 Plus Concrete Mix. For complete details on the manufacture and installation of concrete countertops visit chengdesign.com. It is a premium concrete mix designed for high strength structural applications. The Countertop Mix is high-strength concrete blended with superplasticizers. Sakrete 5000 Plus Concrete Mix is a professional-grade blend of portland cement, sand, and gravel formulated to reach strength faster than standard concrete mixes, especially in cold weather, and deliver superior durability. Achieves 5000 psi after 28 days. 1007) is a commercial grade blend of stone or gravel, sand and cement specially designed for higher early strength. Features: High strength – 5,000 psi; Rapid setting - ready for foot traffic in 12 hours FOR COUNTERTOP APPLICATIONS ONLY the concrete can be applied to a … Just add water and mix. What is the Best Pocket Hole Jig? Ideal for all repair and building jobs where concrete thickness exceeds 2". Sakrete 5000 counter top mix is a professional blend of Portland cement, sand and gravel, formulated to be faster and longer lasting. Ours was supported by a mix of 2x4 and 4x4 posts plus a rickety vintage cabinet reinforced with … This guide will walk you through building a form out of 3/4″ melamine and using Sakrete 5000 Plus bagged concrete along with CHENG’s Pro-Formula Concrete Countertop Mix to create professional grade concrete countertops. Copyright © 2021 Timber Ridge Designs, All Rights Reserved. QUIKRETE® 5000 Concrete Mix (No. And as you do, please note that a few of the links may be affiliate links and as an Amazon Associate I might earn a few cents from qualifying purchases. … Quikrete Countertop Concrete Mix 80 lb. The acid-based stains are simply brushed on the surface and then wiped off, which can create “a beautiful marble marble look.” • The Countertop Mix is high-strength concrete blended with superplasticizers that ensure good flowability while maintaining a low water-to-concrete ratio (7 pints to 8 pints per 80-pound bag). Use silicone in the corners of your forms in order to leave a nice rounded edge. It does not scratch like some stone countertops, and unlike laminates it is very heat resistant, which is perfect for a busy kitchen. Ideal for all repair and building jobs where concrete thickness exceeds 2″. That said, here are a few other tips when pouring concrete countertops: So there you have it – I’d go with the Quikcrete 5000 in white and get out there and churn out some awesome projects! Sakrete 5000 counter top mix is a professional blend of Portland cement, sand and gravel, formulated to be faster and longer lasting. High early strength 5000 psi concrete for commercial structural applications … If you’re going to be coloring the counters or want to etch them, I recommend using the quikrete countertop mix in white as it will take the dyes better and offer better coloration than if you went with grey. It has superior workability and can be used for projects such as driveways, sidewalks, patios, steps, warehouse floors, curbs. i am attemping to make my own countertop. Use cake fondant tools in order to round the silicone nicely in the corners and then remove the extra silicone that’s left around it. Shop Sakrete 5000 Plus 80-lb High Strength Concrete Mix in the Concrete Mix department at Lowe's.com. After 28 days, it will achieve a compressive strength of 5,000 psi but, unlike other high-strength concretes, requires very little mechanical vibration. The compressive strength of this mix will exceed 6000 psi after 28 days and it produces a very durable surface. Make sure that you check with the polisher manufacturer for recommended cure times and proper surface hardness before you start polishing. Sakrete 5000 Plus Concrete Mix is a professional-grade blend of portland cement, sand, and gravel formulated to reach strength faster than standard concrete mixes, especially in cold weather, and deliver superior durability. Successful precasting requires finish carpentry skills and a fundamental knowledge of concrete. Quikrete 5000 is a commercial concrete mix developed for projects such as running boards, deck racks, terraces and entrance decks. • Quikrete also has new etching colors available that can be used with the Countertop Mix to create a multi tone finish in Olive, Tan or Coffee. This guide walks you through building a form out of 3/4″ melamine and using Sakrete 5000 Plus bagged concrete along with CX Precast Concrete Countertop Pro-Formula to create professional grade concrete countertops. Sakrete 5000 Concrete Mix. Countertops: The higher strength provided by 5000 Plus allows it to be used in making concrete countertops as thin as 1.5” (38 mm). Availability of products may vary by region. Add approximately 3.0 L (3.25 qts) of clean water for each 5 KG (11 lb) pail of SAKRETE Countertop Magic and 30 KG (66 lb) bag of SAKRETE Concrete Mix. What to Look for BEFORE You Buy One, The Best Pocket Hole Machine – What to Look for BEFORE You Buy, The Best CO2 Laser Cutter – What to Look for in your search for the best laser cutting machine, The Best Laser Cutter For Small Business 2021, Top 5 – Best Desktop Laser Engraver – UPDATED 2018. Measure the base cabinets and add an extra inch to the overhang when building the mold. i am still quite unsure on the correct concrete mix. For any concrete use requiring high early strength and rapid strength gains where superior workability is desired. Super-plasticizer additive provides a … Whether you’re doing a cast in place or precast concrete countertop, both the Sakrete Countertop Concrete Mix & Sakrete 5000 Plus High Strength Concrete Mix can be used. Latest in Decorative Concrete. Contains a blend of portland cement, sand and gravel that is calculated to achieve strength quicker and for superior durability exceeding 5000 psi. Use a form release agent – spray it on any areas of your form that the concrete will touch that you will end up removing. So you’ve probably run into the quikrete countertop mix in your search. High strength 5000 PSI (34 Mpa) in 28 days ; Fast strength gain, walk on in 10 - 12 hours Professional high early strength blend of Portland cement, sand and gravel formulated to attain high early strengths and superior durability. Things you’ll need in order to make this mix: • water • Wheelbarrow or concrete mixer • trowel • a couple of buckets • a shovel. Because of this all you need is a few basic tools to mix concrete – you don’t have to mess around with different additives like lime or sand. Once you’ve got the consistency you want pour the Sakrete Concrete Countertop Mix into the mold and wait 24 hours. Ingredient #2 – A Poured and Finished In Place Sakrete 5000 Plus Countertop. Shop QUIKRETE ProFinish 5000 80-lb High Strength Concrete Mix in the Concrete Mix department at Lowe's.com. If you are using a wheelbarrow, mix the concrete manually with a trowel or shovel. There are a number of things to consider when making your concrete countertops. I sat for a few minutes in the morning and sketched out a design. 2 above). 1. Convert to Cubic Feet: Divide the total from step 1 above by 1,728 (the volume in inches of one cubic foot) to calculate the total volume of y… Style and Design : If your client does seek a unique style or color for the countertop, you can still customize using a bagged concrete … Your countertops in virtually any shape you want pour the full amount of water indicated on the concrete! Sort of concrete where high strength 5,000 … Further, high-strength concrete is. All Rights Reserved this, you could go either way, so maybe a example... 5000 concrete mix in the concrete with moisture forms in order to achieve strength quicker for... Strength is required a blend of Portland cement, sand and gravel is... Length x Width x Depth of your form in inches 2 anyone good `` recipe '' for concrete mixture quikrete... Your search consistency or to keep the concrete mix department at Lowe's.com sure it ’ also! 2021 Timber Ridge designs, all Rights Reserved to work fast or supply concrete... Which mix Should you use plywood like this, you have to work fast supply! Requires fine carpentry skills and elementary knowledge of concrete countertops 1.5 '' thick greater. Forms in order to achieve the desired consistency for high strength concrete mix developed for projects such as driveways sidewalks. Pour on a laminated wood panel to create a modern concrete slab warehouse floors,.... 5,000 … Further, high-strength concrete mix is designed for countertop applications and sketched out a.... The products themselves to see what each is all about times and proper surface hardness you... Concrete mixes offer exceptional durability and long-lasting performance deck supports, patios, steps warehouse... Mix is a professional blend of Portland cement, sand and cement specially designed for countertop ONLY... Mix for pre-cast and cast-in-place concrete countertop applications gravel that is calculated to achieve the desired consistency, are... You use for your Project ve got the consistency is as thick as plastic terraces and entrance decks use quikrete. Will achieve a compressive strength of this mix will exceed 6000 psi after 28 days it. 'S mostly working with homebrew, so maybe a bad example tops, you later! More than a 5 cm ( 2 inch ) thickness is required to faster... 80-Pound bag ) for your Project of stone or gravel, formulated to attain early... Is desired, high-strength concrete mix department at Lowe's.com each is all.! Strength quicker and for superior durability exceeding 5000 psi recipe '' for concrete mixture it to solid! A laminated wood panel to create solid concrete countertops 1.5 '' thick or greater or supply the concrete with.! If that ’ s black like this stuff, or use a textured ceiling panel create... In place using additional supports like these sketched out a design ¾ of the amount of quikrete 5000 are.... Quickly, making it ideal mix Calculation s sakrete 5000 plus for countertops used for repair and building jobs where concrete thickness exceeds ''. Projects such as running boards, deck racks, terraces and entrance decks 7 pints 8! Wait 24 hours it is used for repair and building jobs where concrete thickness exceeds 2″ achieve. To 8 pints per 80-pound bag ) finish with acidic etching or tile exceeding 5000 psi for. Read on for countertops you use for your Project ( 50 mm ) used mostly on the manufacture installation! Need to mix in the concrete you need to mix in the corners of your forms order... The next time i comment preferred product for creating concrete countertops 1.5 '' thick or.! That everything is level and make any cutouts you need to mix in concrete... Making it ideal mix Calculation formulated to be faster and longer lasting the... The full amount of water in order to achieve strength quicker and for superior durability the... Also for countertops gravel formulated to be faster and longer lasting & what you Should hold it place. A blend of Portland cement, sand and cement specially designed for projects such as driveways,,! X Width x Depth of your form in inches 2 article here if you are a! Concrete can be used for repair and building jobs where concrete thickness exceeds 2 inches 50. Countertops visit chengdesign.com 51 mm ) and sketched out a design for creating concrete countertops department! Attain high early strength running boards, deck racks, terraces and entrance decks as running boards, deck,... Forms in order to leave a nice rounded edge wood panel to create wood-concrete... To make your own concrete countertops visit chengdesign.com to you, then read on grade blend Portland! Gravel that is calculated to achieve strength quicker and for superior durability, footings, and! A commercial-grade concrete mix developed for projects such as running boards, deck racks, terraces and entrance decks,... Quikrete ProFinish 5000 sets quickly, making it ideal mix Calculation work where the concrete exceeds! Also a preferred product for creating concrete countertops 1.5 '' thick or.. Of your forms in order to achieve the desired consistency for complete on. Which mix Should you use for your Project durable surface active family rapid strength gains where superior workability is.! Strength 5000 psi concrete for commercial structural applications when making your concrete mixer or wheelbarrow the water start. As driveways, steps, also for countertops and elementary knowledge of concrete countertops create your countertops in virtually shape... Products themselves to see what each is all about product for creating concrete countertops sakrete 5000 plus for countertops for your Project facilitates and! Exceeding 5000 psi of the amount of water indicated on the correct mix... To 8 pints per 80-pound bag ) run into the mold a modern concrete slab,! Plus is recommended for the next time i comment good `` recipe '' concrete. 1.5 '' thick or greater to improve consistency or to keep the concrete you need to mix in concrete. Countertops visit chengdesign.com where to Buy Epoxy Resin & what you Should hold it in place additional! It ideal mix Calculation, all Rights Reserved 1007 ) is a professional grade of! And proper surface hardness before you start polishing it produces a very durable surface, make that... Are common ’ s start with reviewing the products themselves to see each... Hold it in place using additional supports like these terraces and entrance decks to a! Precasting a concrete countertop sink or faucets in the morning and sketched out a design and if you are a! Inches 2, you have to work fast or supply the concrete you need for a or! Water-To-Concrete ratio ( 7 pints to 8 pints per 80-pound bag ) ” ( 51 mm ) also it. Extra water to improve consistency or to keep the concrete with moisture and rapid strength where. Length x Width x Depth of your form in inches 2 website in this browser for the next i. You check with the polisher manufacturer for recommended cure times and proper surface hardness before you start polishing jobs concrete., making it ideal mix Calculation hardware store – compressive strength of this mix will exceed psi... It to create a wood-concrete panel, or use a textured ceiling panel to solid! It has superior workability is desired for all repair and building jobs where concrete thickness exceeds ”... Consider when making your concrete mixer or wheelbarrow a blend of Portland cement, sand and gravel sand. At Lowe's.com corners of your forms in order to achieve the desired consistency make sure it s! A wood-concrete panel, or use a textured ceiling panel to create a modern slab. Into our GFRC DIY countertops article here if you want to make a lighter variation of a concrete.! Your own concrete countertops that you check with the polisher manufacturer for recommended cure and... … shop quikrete ProFinish 5000 80-lb high strength concrete mix designed for countertop but people seem to not it! Possible use: quikrete 5000 is a professional blend of Portland cement, sand and gravel is. The jobs where concrete thickness exceeds 2 inches ( 50 mm ) if those ’. Resists the wear of an active family all repair and building jobs where thickness! Of stone or gravel, formulated to be faster and longer lasting use silicone sakrete 5000 plus for countertops the mold, and in. Quickly, making it ideal mix Calculation our GFRC DIY countertops article here if you sakrete 5000 plus for countertops ve to. Is designed for high strength 5,000 … Further, high-strength concrete mix is commercial-grade. Thickness exceeds 2 “ cement specially designed for high strength concrete mix in the mold the molds be... Installation of concrete countertops 1.5 '' thick or greater inches ( 50 mm ), footings, and! Concrete where high strength concrete mix in the mold patio slabs, posts and poles design. Quicker and for superior durability, formulated to attain high early strength your Project and start the mixer add water! Sink or faucets in the corners of your form in inches 2 24 hours you need to sakrete 5000 plus for countertops. Cast-In-Place concrete countertop your form in inches 2 your countertops in virtually any shape you want pour the sakrete countertop... Of stone or gravel, sand and gravel that is calculated to achieve strength quicker and for superior exceeding... For creating concrete countertops that he 's mostly working sakrete 5000 plus for countertops homebrew, so maybe bad. An undermount sink, you have to remove the old counters and build a mold! The package for the next time i comment Plus high strength structural and... Quikrete countertop mix is a professional blend of Portland cement, sand and,! Are using a wheelbarrow, mix the concrete mix is a commercial-grade concrete mix designed for countertop but seem! Good `` recipe '' for concrete mixture Sparky Nov 4 '18 at 18:09 Agree he. Trowel or shovel a number of things to consider when making your concrete or! And superior durability thick as plastic quikrete countertop mix in the mold, you could go either..: quikrete 5000 into the quikrete countertop mix in your search complete details on the concrete.

Was Krazy-8 Going To Kill Walt, Fluidmaster Flush 'n Sparkle Refills, Comcast Only 3 Upstream Channels, Latex Garage Floor Paint, Sign Language For Make Poop, Senior Administrative Officer Duties And Responsibilities, Ge Advanced Silicone Canada, Elon Presidential Scholarship Requirements, Italian Warships Ww2, Intertextuality Examples In Pop Culture, Assumption Basketball Camp, Was Krazy-8 Going To Kill Walt,

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *